The Role of Assesment in Higher Education

Chapter by chapter guide NoTitlePage No 1Introduction 2Role of evaluation in educational program plan , learning and showing 3Assessment for learning v Assessment of Learning 4. Issues and concerns ? Conceptual Assessment is a basic piece of educational program practice. The prime thought of instructive foundations are the results of learning, the improved capacities understudies can show on account of their expansion in information , ready to adjust and comprehend to changes due to their college experiences.Our concern is the way learning produces results and how educating and appraisal influence the nature of learning with the end goal for understudies to gain the information and capabilities that is required for the work place. To secure these industry significant abilities instructors recommend evaluation be vital to educating and how learning exercises are organized. Consequently , this report surveys the job of evaluation in educational plan structure and change, it’s si gnificance of nonstop appraisal for upgrading learning, normal evaluation practices and it issues and concerns. 1. Presentation: In this report, writing explored was concerning the job of appraisal in educational plan structure and change. Therefore this report attempts to address the accompanying inquiries so as to feature the job of appraisal in educational plan structure, usage and improvement of learning. 1. What is educational program and the job of appraisal in educational program advancement and improvement? 2. What is Assessment of realizing v Assessment for Learning and the practices in advanced education 3.Issues and worries on evaluation in instructing and learning at establishments of higher learning? 2. Appraisal as a piece of educational program practice Curriculum is a Latin word and it alludes to a ‘course’ or a ‘track’ to be followed. In training, the center is learning, at that point the most suitable translation for the word educational p lan is seen as a course or ‘plan for learning’ (ef. Taba , 1962). (Howell and Evans, 1995) characterizes educational plan as the ‘what’ of instructing. I would characterize educational plan as a course of study.Then the procedure of educational program advancement can be found in short where one builds up an item, which includes a progressing improvement. Educational program advancement is a long cyclic procedure of examination, structuring, actualizing and assessing learning results dependent on the premium, needs and abilities of students, and the numerous partners, which coordinates improvement. The writing survey report is according to the job of evaluation in educational program advancement and upgrade of Teaching and Learning. What is Assessment?Assessment is any procedure that assesses an individual’s information, comprehension and abilities. Van lair Akker (2003) characterizes appraisal as an indispensable segment of educational plan practice . Appraisal gives input on educational program conveyance which demonstrates about understudy learning, the educational program and the scholarly arrangements. Subsequently instructors unequivocally accept that evaluation and educational program be incorporated in the educational plan cycle. For instance, Students accomplishment of information and abilities are controlled by assessment.Lecturers oversee instructing and appraisal of understudy fitness as per the degree of the course, giving evaluations, directing and advising, etc. These must be conceivable if there are viable appraisal methods in the educational program organization and practice. â€Å"In 1995 the Assessment Forum of the American Association of Higher Education drove by Thomas A. Angelo experienced an intuitive procedure to build up a meaning of appraisal. The final product of that definition procedure is as follows:† â€Å"Assessment is a continuous procedure planned for understanding and improving understu dy learning.It includes making our desires unequivocal and open; setting fitting models and exclusive requirements for learning quality; methodicallly assembling, breaking down, and deciphering proof to decide how well execution coordinates those desires and principles; and utilizing the subsequent data to record, clarify, and improve execution. At the point when it is installed viably inside bigger institutional frameworks, evaluation can assist us with concentrating, look at our suppositions, and make a common scholastic culture committed to guaranteeing and improving the nature of advanced education (Thomas A.Angelo, AAHE Bulletin, November 1995, p. 7)† In request to quantify a student’s learning result, movement and ability achieved, different sorts of data should be accumulated to decide the level of student’s fulfillment in the learning results for the educational program. Different strategies for formal and casual perception of understudies during their le arning, assessments and tests, execution on assignments, ventures and introductions are utilized to assemble this data. Speakers exhort that there ought to be an arrangement for appraisal at program, course and exercise level, which is regularly overlooked.As Pratt (1998) expressed, to ensure understudy accomplishments and grades mirror the learning results set up, evaluations must be painstakingly arranged, directed, subject to nonstop investigation, assessment and improvement. Learning results (information and capability of understudies), appraisal, and educating are for the most part portions of a coordinated entirety. Evaluation is accepted to be basic to the showing procedure in conveyance and experience of the educational program. Yet, a few understudies consider appraisal a type of control for teachers. As (Pratt, 1998; Haladyna and Downing, 2004) expressed when understudies progress starting with one semester then onto the next they become disappointed and dubious about the appraisal rehearses, and in regards to them to be out of line and a way to show bias and discipline. † In establishments of higher learning, instructors have the decision to pick the evaluation types and practices. Since appraisal results influence scholastic skill, teachers are required to make a helpful learning condition and make evaluation fundamental to instructive processes.In an empowering learning condition a solid exchange happens, evaluating thoughts, reflection, conversation, pose inquiries and appreciate the way toward learning. (Pratt, 1998) Assessment is a significant part and has a few purposes. It coordinates the instructing procedure. Checking, conversation and perceptions in the homeroom is likewise a significant sort of evaluation. This permits the teacher to measure how well the exercise is going and in the case of learning is occurring with solid conversation, interest and noting meetings (Nittko, 2004).Assessment aides in recognizing learning troubles, st udents’ quality and shortcoming. This at that point permits the educator to set inquiries that can help expand on the student’s shortcomings both officially and casually. Besides evaluation gives criticism on the learning. Data from appraisal helps in program assessment (Pratt, 1998). Thirdly appraisal announces ones accomplishment for different partners like understudies, guardians, the foundation, imminent bosses, the administration divisions, accreditation body, and expert bodies.Assessment as tests, tests, class activities, assignments and casual perceptions pronounce how well an understudy has accomplished the learning results and grade in his/her course, module or unit (Nittko, 2004). In addition, evaluation guides understudies toward academic needs and guides understudies way to deal with experience course educational plan. Homeroom addresses test and assessments would demonstrate to understudies, significant subjects of the educational plan. Model, in the event that questions depend on paltry data, at that point understudies center would be at genuine review and knowledge.If tests require considerable information and profound seeing then understudies change their viewpoint to educational plan. Evaluation inspirations, develops mental self portrait and a feeling of self intensity of understudies. At the point when appraisal is very much structured, it produces achievement in learning; it propels and invigorates understudy certainty and needing to learn. Meherus and Lehman (1991) depicts evaluation as a significant instrument as it builds inspiration towards their course, which sets up sound examination propensities, which likewise gives criticism to teachers to decide students’ qualities and weaknesses.Assessment offers instructors an input on students’ learning. Appraisal results empower the speaker to give further direction about their learning. In this way, instructors in organizations of higher learning ought to know abou t the noteworthy job of appraisal in educational plan and accordingly have the right stuff and devices to successfully arrangement educational program at program level. 3, Assessment for Learning v Assessment to Learning What is Assessment for Learning? It could be characterized as: †¢a type of positive conventional criticism [ e. g. ecturers remark; self-evaluation systems] †¢provides casual input [ e. g. exchange instructing; peer interaction] †¢it offers a chance to the understudy to attempt to apply information, aptitudes and their comprehension †¢ appraisal assignments that are pertinent †¢it guides understudies to create autonomy and †¢it has a suitable harmony among summative and developmental evaluation. There ought to be a harmony among developmental and summative appraisals. Nonstop appraisal or evaluation for learning is polished less contrasted with summative assessment.As expressed via Careless (2004), instructors in establishments of highe r learning will in general pick more for hypothetical information than for viable and procedural information in surveying understudies. Such appraisal centers around hypothesis and ideas truly don't help understudies for this present reality. This restrains the understudies of abilities that businesses search for. Earthy colored and Glaser (1999) states enhancing appraisal practice improves understudy learning. Further to that, gauges of learning rose through progressing appraisal practice. It is noticed that students’ conduct and demeanor towards le

Narrative Essay on a Memorable Incident

Account Essay on a Memorable Incident There are those rates that occur in life that are so important they keep on waiting in one’s psyche; in any case, such occasions for the most part leave a changeless imprint in the lives of people and offer exercises that can't be deleted by some other involvement with life. My memory occasion occurred quite a while back when, because of my interest, I chose to go with my granddad to the emergency clinic. Because of his mature age, my granddad had started encountering serious issues with his left eye. He had visited the medical clinic on numerous events to look for treatment however his condition was not beating that. At long last, his primary care physician revealed to him the main cure left was to go for an eye activity as a method of attempting to address the anomaly with his eye. Since it was an end of the week and I didn't have any classes that day and didn't have some other commitments, I figured it would be a smart thought to go with my granddad to the clinic as opposed to remain at home and be exhausted. The tight relationship that had created between my granddad and me additionally made it exceptionally simple for me to go with him, regardless of the dread I had of activities and medical clinics as a rule. My uncle drove us to the emergency clinic; 30 minutes subsequent to showing up at the medical clinic and guaranteeing that my granddad had checked in, my uncle left for a dedication he needed to deal with. Fortunately, there were a few accommodating attendants accessible to offer any help that my granddad required and the specialists were benevolent. The medical attendants detected the elevated level of anxiety that both my granddad and I were feeling and conversed with us so pleasantly that we wound up unwinding and seeing the activity as something typical and nothing to stress a lot over. It was not well before both my granddad and I felt loose and prepared for the activity, as we overlooked the high level of apprehension we had felt only a couple of seconds sooner. I have consistently had this dread of specialists and infusions, so even as I loose, musings of the approaching activity couldn't get away from my brain, since I realized the activity would be more genuine than the infu sions that I dreaded to such an extent. Curiously, the entire activity endured just an hour and my granddad was rolled out of the activity with a swathe on the worked eye, yet he was cognizant and upbeat. I can't overlook the expression on my grandfather’s face and the sentiment of help he communicated, realizing that the issue with his eye was at last finished. At that exact second, my dread of specialists disappeared and I started valuing the significant job that specialists play in regular day to day existence. That is the second I concluded that I needed to be a specialist and, at present, I am seeking after a course in medication. Tips on Writing a Narrative Essay: Recall that the occasions in your exposition must be situated in sequential request. Else, it will be hard for the perusers to follow your story. Notwithstanding that, it is better if your story has a reason. In some cases, basic retelling of specific occasions isn't sufficient in any event, for secondary school. In the event that you are searching for the best spot to get custom expositions from scholastic specialists, CustomWritings.com can be a decent answer for you!

Gangs of New York Essay -- Film Analysis

Picture Manhattan in 1860, a period before the city had been dressed up and prepared for the cinema, before the style and appeal dominated. Amsterdam Vallan (DiCaprio) is a youthful Irish man that moves to the USA at a youthful age. Amsterdam’s story happens in Five Points District of New York, a dirty and risky piece of the city before it was erased structure history. As a little youngster Vallan saw his father’s murder on account of William Cutting or Bill the Butcher (Day-Lewis) during one of their many posse wars. As Amsterdam’s story advances close by The Butcher they become indivisible, yet Amsterdam had ulterior intention. At last, Amsterdam endeavors to sell out his recently discovered partner so as to vindicate his father’s demise. Chronicled records of occasions are quite often integrated by the narrator; for the situation Gangs of New York Martin Scorsese recounts Five Points, The Dead Rabbits Riots, and The Draft Riots, yet is his anecdotal sto ry exact through history? This is the spot; these restricted ways separating to one side and left, and stinking wherever with soil and foulness... A large number of these pigs live here. Do they ever ask why their lords walk upstanding as opposed to going down on the ground, and why they talk as opposed to snorting? (Dickens 61) The abnormal foulness depicted by Charles Dickens was a direct record of the convergence of Orange Street, Cross Street, Anthony Street, and Little Water Street, otherwise called Five Points New York. It turned into the setting for a large number of seventeenth century posses, yet the most noticeable were the Bowery Boys and The Dead Rabbits. This underhanded piece of town was known for its evil the violations that overflowed the boulevards, from robbing to kill. Obviously, the ghettos were the spot for v... ...†¢ Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Print. †¢ Cocks, Jay, Steven Zaillian, and Kenneth Lonergan. Packs Of New York Final Script. Web. . †¢ Dickens, Charles, and Patricia Ingham. American Notes for General Circulation. London: Penguin, 2000. Print. †¢ Ellis, Edward Robb., and Jeanyee Wong. The Epic of New York City. New York, NY: Carroll and Graf, 2005. Print. †¢ RIOTING AND BLOODSHED; THE FIGHT AT COW BAY†¦ THE CITY UNDER ARMS. The New York Times. 6 July 1857. Web. . †¢ Sifakis, Carl. The Encyclopedia of American Crime. New York: Facts on File, 2001. Print. †¢ Slayton, Robert A. Domain Statesman: The Rise and Redemption of Al Smith. New York: Free, 2001. Print.

A Day in the Mind of an Anorexic Girl :: Papers

A Day in the Mind of an Anorexic Girl I am floating, drifting delicately as though through mists. Out of nowhere I am conscious and my eyes open to finish dimness! At that point I am no more drifting, as my feet hit the ground and I falter marginally, figuring out how to remain adjusted. I am in a gigantic, dull, open space yet can ambiguously make out cluttered pictures starting to show up. I end up caught in a young lady's brain. An extraordinary young lady nonetheless; she has a dietary issue known as Anorexia Nervosa. As she opens her eyes, the immense space is lit up and I experience the disarray that is her brain. It's anything but a pretty sight. Everything appears to be stirred up. There is a sky over my head. In spite of the fact that it is light, it isn't blue. It is to a greater degree a foggy dark. The landscape is in finished clutter, with barbed bits of what resembles rock and ordinary things, for example, garments, writing material and bits of paper lying randomly about the room. I pivot to perceive what the zone behind me looks like and, as I do, a solitary red entryway shows up as though out of the blue, on one side. It has no pivots, and doesn't seem, by all accounts, to be laying on anything, so I go to investigate. I turn the handle gradually and I cautiously ease open the entryway. Behind it I see a young lady, skin and bone, so flimsy that her eyes appear indented into her face. She approaches a mirror and, rather than seeing her actual reflection, I see what she sees. She sees a huge overweight young lady who nearly appears to become fatter as you see her, stifling her! The young lady glancing in the mirror pulls her slim, dry, light hair back and investigates the twisted picture of her face. At that point, she lifts her enormous T-shirt marginally. It hangs freely and uncovers a small, contracted middle. She pulls weakly at her paper dainty skin yet the reflection, rather, shows the young lady holding a bunch of fat.

This Is England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

This Is England - Essay Example The section of the film was somewhere in the range of 1:31:10 and 1:34:09 in the film This is England. We decided to break down the fragment since it assembles a decent stage for the craftsmanship. The portion likewise gives the onlooker of what occurred in England in 1980's, as the fragment gives pictures of different notable indications like the rubies 3D square, the section additionally shows the coarse components of war individuals looked in Falklands and England. The brutality pictures and political agitation joined with the document film of the innocuous times of the 1980's. This makes a solid differentiation and makes the sentiment of watchers to keep watching to discover what occurred. The portion shows pictures of individuals and occasion that have impacts on the entertainers, which are uncovered in the fragment, and the recording reminds us the angles: give watchers information about the earth and offers the anarchic setting that is available all through the film. The shots of the film guideline character happen following the titles. The associations show the connection among Shaun and insubordinate document film beforehand in the film. The portion shows the fighter's image by Shaun's bed and this shows riddle codes as the watchers need to know the associations. Margaret Thatcher voice is heard on the radio, which Shaun quickly turn it off: it gives the watchers the information on mentalities on the head administrator around then. Camera work. The fragment has different methods for introducing This is England, like what has been utilized in the whole film. The portion shows how the common lighting is utilized to show the authenticity impact. That is the manner in which the makers used to create This is England. The fragment is depicted as a narrative, and the style presents things as they happen day by day. Such truths are groups, classes, and marriage. The section does the same as narrative in focusing on the standard character. The portion shows nor mal lighting comprising of light and dull. The section shows the film at day and during the night, which makes it simple to film; since additional lighting isn't required. The section is introduced so that it shows the British at war and manners by which the general public is joined together. The fragment shows a hand held camera which affirms this is a social pragmatist craftsmanship: they are low spending expressions, so everything utilizes less devices and materials. Handheld camera causes the observer to increase an understanding and it include the onlooker to watch the film. At this fragment, there are an assortment of shots utilized: this makes the portion powerful as the watcher can see all the different points and methods for seeing something. Sounds. The soundtrack utilized in this section is a diegetic sound. This sort of soundtrack shows that the workmanship is genuine in light of the fact that the onlooker can hear the normal sounds. The sound is additionally utilized in the whole film. The maker investigated the sound since watchers don't regularly see these sounds each day. Diegetic sound recounts to the visual story. Diegetic sound is another instrument to recount to the account of the creator. In This is England portion, the maker draws the watcher by moving from the diegetic to non-diegetic. The portion changes the job of the music in the piece, he connects with the watcher in the activity. Likewise, the portion pulls off the watcher from the scene to isolate the observers from the story. The portion additionally utilizes conventional impacts of sound and Foley to use the hints of diegetic. The section utilizes digenetic to play with the observers: deceive the watchers. The

Value Based Selling is the Icing Your Sales force needs - 550 Words

Value Based Selling is the Icing Your Sales force needs (Article Sample) Content: Value Based Selling is the Icing Your Sales force needs The core idea of Value Based Selling is to identify the reasons how your product or service is going to add à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"extra valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to the buyer. Many sales people just regurgitate product benefits, functions and features. What they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t reinforce are the actual reasons why their product or service is of value to the buyer. Subconsciously all the buyers are looking for products that add value to their business, but in fact, over 70% of the buyers think that everybody is selling relatively the same thing, just at different prices. Honestly this is understandable, because from the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perspective, everybody is actually selling pretty much the same thing. The competition is severe, and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s difficult to stand out with the product that offers similar benefits. When making a sale, it is important to motivate the buyer on the product is going benefit the company, and how it can make their lives easier. Therefore, Value Based Selling requires salesperson to appeal rational and emotional sides of the buyer. Here are 2 recipes of the icing you might be missing: 1 Donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be price focused You donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have to motivate your buyer only on the basis of price because most of the time, the buyer doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t prioritize ...

Black Identity in Langston Hughes Theme for English B - 1100 Words

Black Identity in Langston Hughes Theme for English B (Essay Sample) Content: Student nameProfessor CourseDate Black Identity in Langston Hughes Theme for English B In Theme for English B by Langston Hughes, the speaker of the poem inquires if race affects his writing. The poem raises questions of race and personal freedom that the speaker grapples with in an attempt to answer them. The tone and theme of the poem illuminate Hughes life experiences during the period of Harlem Renaissance. Through the speaker, Hughes presents a conflict in which a black student writes a composition for a white teacher, which reflects the racial tension prevalent in the society at the time (Hughes 1). In writing the composition, the speaker of the poem attempts to find identity in the midst of racial tension. The identity crisis is evidenced when the speaker begs the question Mewho? (Hughes 20). According to DiYanni, critics attempt to categorize Hughes poems into groups; those with racial affirmation and those with racial protest (522-523). However, Theme for En glish B, does not fit precisely within either of these two groups because the speaker conveys a tone of frustration and pride in the quest for identity and personal freedom. Langston Hughes, through the speaker, conveys the theme of discrimination during his time. The speaker is the only Black student in the entire class (Hughes 10). Although the speaker goes ahead and expresses himself as asked by the instructor, he is afraid of the judgment he will receive from the instructor and fellow students. The speaker reiterates that even though he is black, he does and likes the same things as other races. He states that Well, I like to eat, sleep, drink, and be in love. I like to work, read, learn, and understand life (Hughes 21-22). However, societys perception of race is different from that of the speaker as they were viewed as inferior race. Hughes tries to show that African Americans have equal standing with whites albeit the difference in skin color (Marpaung 38). Hughes conveys racial tension and African Americans quest for identity and freedom. In the poem, the speaker says that he does not seek to be part of the white culture. Equally, he believes that the white instructor does not desire to a part of black people either (Hughes 34-35). But the speaker hopes to learn from the instructor and believes that the instructor can also learn from him despite the instructors older age and being white (Hughes 37-40). Through this poem, Hughes portrays his feeling and that of his race towards racial issues. Throughout the poem Theme for English B Hughes demonstrates an element of racial protest, by black people, since white people believe they are superior and freer than blacks (DiYanni 522-523). The use of imagery in the poem helps to illuminate the speaker and the black peoples quest for freedom and identity. By describing images of Harlem, Hughes helps the reader to understand the roots and identity of the speaker, which in turn inform his view of society. The s peakers school is above Harlem, perhaps a pointer to the fact that he feels out of place with his familiar environment in Harlem. The imagery in the poem reflects the routine and experiences of common folks that Hughes tries to relate with his personal experience. In his attempt to illuminate on the experiences of black people, Hughes has been criticized and praised in equal measure. On the one hand, some black critics note that Hughes focuses on unattractive aspects of black life. On the other hand, Hughes received praise for identifying with common black people. In such case, Hughes uses less sophistication to depict African American experiences of identity crisis and quest for personal freedom (Jarraway, 830-834). In Theme for English B Hughes attempts to affirm that the pervasive feeling that blackness is an archetype of negation, absence and evil must be defeated so that the black self is viewed as a symbol of affirmation, good and presence. The speaker asks the instructor "So will my page be colored that I write?" (Hughes 27) to which the speaker responds in an ambiguous manner by stating Being me, it will not be white. / But it will be / a part of you, instructor, / you are white" (Hughes 28-31). Here, Hughes intimates that the speakers page will certainly be different. However, Hughes might also be suggesting that it is impossible to ever completely shun the power of the white race (Powell 3). Hughes attempt to discover the black self, through the narrator, is difficult because is measured relative to an ethnocentric standard. The poem is not pegged on racial affirmation since the speaker is forced to identify himself based on the ethnocentrism of the dominant white culture (Jarraway, 827-829). First, the speaker is the only black student in a class dominated by white students and a white instructor. Second, as stated earlier, the speaker describes images of Harlem to school, which seems to be outside his home. In this way, Hughes shows how the dominan t white culture, detonated by the instructor and students, has consigned black people to doubt their sense of identity and freedom. Since the speaker constantly views himself through the eyes of white society, he does not make sense of the notion of his own black identity. In conc...

Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language

On April 15, 1755, Samuel Johnson published his two-volume Dictionary of the English Language. It wasnt the first English dictionary (more than 20 had appeared over the preceding two centuries), but in many ways, it was the most remarkable. As modern lexicographer Robert Burchfield has observed, In the whole tradition of English language and literature the only dictionary compiled by a writer of the first rank is that of Dr. Johnson. Unsuccessful as a schoolmaster in his hometown of Lichfield, Staffordshire (the few students he had were put off by his oddities of manner and uncouth gesticulations--most likely the effects of Tourette syndrome), Johnson moved to London in 1737 to make a living as an author and editor. After a decade spent writing for magazines and struggling with debt, he accepted an invitation from bookseller Robert Dodsley to compile a definitive dictionary of the English language. Dodsley solicited the patronage of the Earl of Chesterfield, offered to publicize the dictionary in his various periodicals, and agreed to pay Johnson the considerable sum of 1,500 guineas in installments. What should every logophile know about Johnsons Dictionary? Here are a few starting points. Johnson's Ambitions In his Plan of a Dictionary of the English Language, published in August 1747, Johnson announced his ambition to rationalize spellings, trace etymologies, offer guidance on pronunciation, and preserve the purity, and ascertain the meaning of our English idiom. Preservation and standardization were primary goals: [O]ne great end of this undertaking, Johnson wrote, is to fix the English language.As Henry Hitchings notes in his book Defining the World (2006), With time, Johnsons conservatism—the desire to fix the language—gave way to a radical awareness of languages mutability. But from the outset, the impulse to standardize and straighten English out was in competition with the belief that one should chronicle whats there, and not just what one would like to see. Johnson's Labors In other European countries around this time, dictionaries had been assembled by large committees. The 40 immortals who made up the Acadà ©mie franà §aise took 55 years to produce their French  Dictionnaire. The Florentine Accademia della Crusca labored 30 years on its Vocabolario. In contrast, working with just six assistants (and never more than four at a time), Johnson completed his dictionary in about eight years. Unabridged and Abridged Editions Weighing in at roughly 20 pounds, the first edition of Johnsons Dictionary ran to 2,300 pages and contained 42,773 entries. Extravagantly priced at 4 pounds, 10 shillings, it sold only a few thousand copies in its first decade. Far more successful was the 10-shilling abridged version published in 1756, which was superseded in the 1790s by a best-selling miniature version (the equivalent of a modern paperback). Its this miniature edition of Johnsons Dictionary that Becky Sharpe tossed out of a carriage window in Thackerays Vanity Fair (1847). The Quotations Johnsons most significant innovation was to include quotations (well over 100,000 of them from more than 500 authors) to illustrate the words he defined as well as provide tidbits of wisdom along the way. Textual accuracy, it appears, was never a major concern: if a quotation lacked felicity or didnt quite serve Johnsons purpose, hed alter it. The Definitions The most commonly cited definitions in Johnsons Dictionary tend to be quirky and polysyllabic: rust is defined as the red desquamation of old iron; cough is a convulsion of the lungs, vellicated by some sharp serosity; network is any thing reticulated or decussated, at equal distances, with interstices between the intersections. In truth, many of Johnsons definitions are admirably straightforward and succinct. Rant, for instance, is defined as high sounding language unsupported by dignity of thought, and hope is an expectation indulged with pleasure. Rude Words Though Johnson omitted certain words for reasons of propriety, he did admit a number of vulgar phrases, including  bum, fart, piss, and turd. (When Johnson was complimented by two ladies for having left out naughty words, he is alleged to have replied, What, my dears! Then you have been looking for them?) He also provided a delightful selection of verbal curios (such as belly-god, one who makes a god of his belly, and amatorculist, a little insignificant lover) as well as insults, including fopdoodle (a fool; an insignificant wretch), bedpresser (a heavy lazy fellow), and pricklouse (a word of contempt for a tailor). Barbarisms Johnson didnt hesitate to pass judgment on words he considered socially unacceptable. On his list of  barbarisms were such familiar words as budge, con, gambler, ignoramus, shabby, trait, and volunteer (used as a verb). And Johnson could be opinionated in other ways, as in his famous (though not original) definition of oats: a grain, which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people. Meanings Not surprisingly, some of the words in Johnsons Dictionary have undergone a change in meaning since the 18th century. For example, in Johnsons time a cruise was a small cup, a high-flier was someone who carries his opinions to extravagance, a recipe was a medical prescription, and a urinator was a diver; one who searches under water. Lessons Learned In the preface to A Dictionary of the English Language, Johnson acknowledged that his optimistic plan to fix the language had been thwarted by the ever-changing nature of language itself: Those who have been persuaded to think well of my design, require that it should fix our language, and put a stop to those alterations which time and chance have hitherto been suffered to make in it without opposition. With this consequence I will confess that I flattered myself for a while; but now begin to fear that I have indulged expectation which neither reason nor experience can justify. When we see men grow old and die at a certain time one after another, from century to century, we laugh at the elixir that promises to prolong life to a thousand years; and with equal justice may the lexicographer be derided, who being able to produce no example of a nation that has preserved their words and phrases from mutability, shall imagine that his dictionary can embalm his language, and secure it from corruption and decay, that it is in his power to change sublunary nature, or clear the world at once from folly, vanity, and affectation. Ultimately Johnson concluded that his early aspirations reflected the dreams of a poet doomed at last to wake a lexicographer. But of course Samuel Johnson was more than a dictionary maker; he was, as Burchfield noted, a writer and editor of the first rank. Among his other notable works are a travel book, A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland; an eight-volume edition of The Plays of William Shakespeare; the fable Rasselas (written in a week to help pay his mothers medical expenses); The Lives of the English Poets; and hundreds of essays and poems. Nonetheless, Johnsons Dictionary stands as an enduring achievement. More than any other dictionary, Hitching says, it abounds with stories, arcane information, home truths, snippets of trivia, and lost myths. It is, in short, a treasure house. Fortunately, we can now visit this treasure house online. Graduate student Brandi Besalke has begun uploading a searchable version of the first edition of Johnsons Dictionary at johnsonsdictionaryonline.com. Also, the sixth edition (1785) is available in a variety of formats at the Internet Archive. To learn more about Samuel Johnson and his Dictionary, pick up a copy of Defining the World: The Extraordinary Story of Dr. Johnsons Dictionary by Henry Hitchings (Picador, 2006). Other books of interest include Jonathon Greens Chasing the Sun: Dictionary Makers and the Dictionaries They Made (Henry Holt, 1996); The Making of Johnsons Dictionary, 1746-1773 by Allen Reddick (Cambridge University Press, 1990); and Samuel Johnson: A Life by David Nokes (Henry Holt, 2009).

Mood Disorders Their Influence And Portrayal Of Art

Mood Disorders: Their Influence and Portrayal in Art Charles Frankel said, â€Å"Anxiety is the essential condition of intellectual and artistic creation and everything that is finest in human history†. There is some evidence to support this idea that anxiety and other mood disorders are essential to many forms of art. In this article I will examine how mood disorders influence art, as well as give multiple examples of how mood disorders are portrayed in the following art forms: paintings, literature, and music. Before we can broach the topic of art and mood disorders, we need to have a good basis of what mood disorders are. Mood disorders are defined as â€Å"a perpetual and significant disturbance in a person’s emotional state or mood† (Lane, 2013). There are two main types of mood disorders: depressive disorders and bipolar disorders. Depressive disorders are characterized by frequent and persistent depressive states. Bipolar disorders, on the other hand, are characterized by fluctuations between both depressive and manic episodes, or lows and highs. I am also going to include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in our mood disorder category because there are many diagnoses of depression and anxiety that show extensive comorbidity, or in more simple terms, there is a high chance that someone who has anxiety will also have depression and vice versa (Mineka, 1998, p.382). Now that we know what mood disorders are we can look at their relationship with art and creativity. There haveShow MoreRelatedAnxiety And Other Mood Disorders1460 Words   |  6 Pagesanxiety and other mood disorders are essential to many forms of art. In this article I will examine how mood disorders influence art, as well as give multiple examples of how mood disorders are portrayed in the following art forms: paintings, literature, and music. Before we can broach the topic of art and mood disorders we need to have a good basis of what mood disorders are. Mood disorders are defined as â€Å"a perpetual and significant disturbance in a person’s emotional state or mood† (Lane, 2013).Read MoreEssay on Edgar Allen Poes Fall of House of Usher1733 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder affects many people today as well as in the time of Edgar Allen Poe when it was then called melancholia. Poe was diagnosed with this disorder and it plays an integral role in his story, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† (1839). This story is heavily influenced by this disorder or its presently associated symptoms and also describes one way that bipolar disorder can genetically affect an entire family. To fully understand a story involving this disorder, it is cardinal to know theRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher: Imagery and Parallelism1652 Words   |  7 Pagestakes to her bed and falls into a catatonic state. He helps to bury her and put her away in a vault, but when she reappears he flees. Before she was buried she roamed around the house quietly not noticing anything, completely overcome by her mental disorder. Roderick Usher appears to be an educated man. He comes from a wealthy family and owns a huge library. According to the narrator, he had once been an attractive man and the character of his face had been at all times remarkable (Poe, 126)Read MoreLiterature : A Talk For Teachers By James Baldwin, Mr. Holland s Opus By Stephen Herek2337 Words   |  10 Pagesvolume. The three dimensional work of art has depth, height and width. In Hoffman s non literary work, it is the base of sculpture. It refers to use of the darkness and lightness in the artwork. Line: The curves and lines mark of span of the distance among two points. In Hoffman s work it pertains to use of several marks, implied lines and outlines. It has direction, length and width. It is sometimes also known as strokes. Colour: It is element of the art produced when the light, hitting an objectRead MoreMedia Portrayal of Mental Illness in America4048 Words   |  17 PagesMedia Portrayal of Mental Illness in America The media in American society has a major influential impact on the minds and beliefs of millions of people. Whether through the news, television shows, or film, the media acts as a huge database for knowledge and instruction. It is both an auditory and visual database that can press images and ideas into peoples minds. Even if the individual has no prior exposure or knowledge to something, the media can project into peoples minds and leave a lastingRead MoreEssay on Media Portrayal of Mental Illness in America3893 Words   |  16 Pages Media Portrayal of Mental Illness in America The media in American society has a major influential impact on the minds and beliefs of millions of people. Whether through the news, television shows, or film, the media acts as a huge database for knowledge and instruction. It is both an auditory and visual database that can press images and ideas into peoples minds. Even if the individual has no prior exposure or knowledge to something, the media can project into peoples minds and leave a lastingRead MoreThe Medias Influence on Health Essay2760 Words   |  12 Pagescultures), creates an endless and accessible flow of information. What we know about the world beyond out immediate surroundings comes to us via the media (Yates 1999). The technology of electronic media and the art of advertising have combined to create very powerful tools of influence. These tools are capable of shaping the attitudes, values and behaviors of large numbers of people (Walsh.) By identifying and examining the various forms of health information contai ned in the media, problems ariseRead MoreThe Theme of Julius Caesar Essay2961 Words   |  12 Pagesplays have different themes like love, ambition, pride, friendship, supernatural, etc. His language is rich and full of imagery. Many of his famous quotes are used even till today such as To be, or not to be and O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?-Romeo and Juliet, form some of literatures most celebrated lines. Other famous Shakespeare quotes such as I ll not budge an inch, We have seen better days ,A dish fit for the gods –Julius Caesar and the expressionRead More The Medias influence on health Essay2695 Words   |  11 Pagescultures), creates an endless and accessible flow of information. â€Å"What we know about the world beyond out immediate surroundings comes to us via the media (Yates 1999).† The technology of electronic media and the art of advertising have combined to create very powerful tools of influence. These tools are capable of shaping the attitudes, values and behaviors of large numbers of people (Walsh.) By identifying and examining the various forms of health information contained in the media, problems ariseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Angelica Kauffman Painted Prolifically And The Odyssey Essay2354 Words   |  10 Pagesand Laquer’s work on the subject of â€Å"capitalizing on female sexuality as disorder† by medical men/practitioners during the 19th century. The authors offer that this obsession with women’s sexuality began as a means of capitalizing on it in medical practice but ended with physicians falling into their own hype: From one perspective, woman is a creature absolutely receptive, hence infinitely susceptible to any man’s influence; the corresponding representation of man is of a creature absolutely sexual

I Disagree With Kenneth Waltz’S Positionthat Nuclear...

I disagree with Kenneth Waltz’s position that nuclear proliferation makes the world a safer place, and how best to measure the spread of nuclear weapons, particularly in regimes that are developing, unstable, or â€Å"third-world.†1 While some scholars see nuclear weapons as a threat to stability and peace due to their mass destruction capability and the potential for horrific fallout triggered by ethnic and geopolitical instability, others see those weapons as holding the power to maintain an appropriate balance of power between opposing regimes at times of tension and during periods of low level conflict. This debate is reflected in international relations. Waltz argues that nuclear weapons keep the world secure, as states would not take the†¦show more content†¦As for second-strike deterrence, Waltz states that there are two necessities: survival of a first attack and the ability to inflict sufficient damage. Without absolute certainty of destruction of the opposition’s arsenal, a country would be less likely to attack. Because of uncertainty about the size of another country’s arsenal size, nations would not take the risk of retaliation; â€Å"Even the largest states recoil from taking adventurous steps if the price of failure is the possible loss of a city or two†1. The problem I see with this position is that nations may sometimes benefit from spotting â€Å"signatures† that are carelessly sent to enemy intelligence agencies which may inadvertently reveal secret information about the size and location of otherwise â€Å"hidden† military forces. For example, Pakistani road construction crew s inadvertently signaled the location of secret M-11 missiles by placing wide-radius roads at Sargodha Missile Base . The failure of the Soviet military to keep its 1962 missile deployment in Cuba secret was similarly caused by construction crew routines that produced â€Å"signatures† which highlighted the location of the missiles. The â€Å"Star of David† pattern of air defense missile battery placements and â€Å"slash marks† on missile pads gave away the Cuban secret to the Americans. Regarding the accidental use of nuclear weapons, Waltz dismisses this

The Effects Of Mental Illness On The United States

The United States is a frontrunner in global topics such as women’s rights and environmental issues. However, when discussing mental illness the United States chooses to look at the subject in a mindset that is stuck in the 1950’s using the â€Å"don’t ask don’t tell† policy. The federal government has only begun to recently talk about mental illness and its effects in the media. Yet, when they do this they choose to cover topics such as ‘gun rights’ with mental illness, while the real topic of conversation is the future treatment for those with mental illness, and how the United States plans on eliminating the stigma that surrounds mental health. To understand the effect of mental illness in the United States you have to examine the past and see how certain issues were resolved. In the 19th century the first known global mental health activist was Dorothea Dix. Her work helped to bring awareness to the topic of mental health and allowed treatment in this field to become more well known. During this time she visited a jail in Massachusetts where she saw that criminals, mentally ill individuals, and people with developmental disabilities were living in unsanitary conditions together. Dorothea’s work helped people to open up their original thoughts and beliefs about mental illness being an actual illness and not being treated as a disease. Today many nonprofit and advocacy groups have limited resources and human capital in the area of research and awareness campaignsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stigma Surrounding Mental Illness1658 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness is a controversial topic in recent news. From Sand y Hook to the Aurora movie theatre shooting, the effects of mental illness have sparked fierce debate and negative stigma surrounding the issue. Mental illnesses, â€Å"patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional† (Myers 562), affect 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives (Stigma and Discrimination). However, only 59.6% of people with mental illness report receiving treatment, as theyRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On The Media Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Mental illness is often wrongly portrayed in the United States’ media creating stigmatization and misrepresentation. Mental illness â€Å"refers to a wide range of mental disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Examples of disorders include anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Any â€Å"negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are called stigma† (Wilson et al., 2016, p. 2) and stigma can contributeRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty On The Development Of Emotional Problems Essay1206 Words   |  5 Pagescorrelation between poverty and mental illness has been shown through numerous studies dating back to the 1930s, but the nature of the relationship is complex and not fully understood (Kuruvill, et. al., 2007). The mentally ill are at an increased risk of becoming and staying poor; conversely, the impoverished are at a greater risk of becoming mentally ill. In fact, the poor are twice as likely to have a common mental disorder (WHO, n.d.). This paper will consider the effects of poverty on the developmentRead MoreEssay On Mental Health Care1221 Words   |  5 PagesSoumerai, S. B., Mclaughlin, T. J., Ross-Degnan, D., Casteris, C. S., Bollini, P. (1994). Effects of Limiting Medicaid Drug-Reimbursement Benefits on the Use of Psychotropic Agents and Acute Mental Health Services by Patients with Schizophrenia. New England Journal of Medicine,331(10), 650-655. doi:10.1056/nejm199409083311006 This study provides information on two Medicaid claims the first one was at psychiatric hospital in New Hampshire where Medicaid had a three-prescription limit over the 11-monthRead MoreVeteran Mental Illness and System Justification Theory1461 Words   |  6 PagesVeteran Mental Illness and System Justification Theory Rates of mental illness are rising among Veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. This social problem has had significant consequences, such as spikes in homelessness, unemployment and suicides in this population. Many argue there are too many barriers to mental health treatment in a society that stigmatizes mental illness and undervalues mental health care. Research supports this assertion, particularly within the Veteran population (Greene-ShortridgeRead MoreTheu.s. Gun Violence Is Becoming A Very Critical Issue As Death Tolls Increase1111 Words   |  5 Pagesvery critical issue as death tolls increase. In 2015, the Unites States had an average of one mass shooting per day, meaning there have been no shootings in which four or more people have been killed by a single gunman. As hundreds of people die each year from gun violence, strengthening the United States gun laws in becoming a necessity to reduce violence, as done in other countries; however, because of the belief that mental illness is the primary cause of gun violence, political lobbying, and theRead MoreTransition From Rural And Urban Environments1541 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization came urbanization. The United Nations reports that In the middle of the 20th century, 30 percent of people resided in urban areas. Today, over half of the world’s population lives in urban environments, and this figure is expected to increase anywhere from ten to twenty percent in the next few decades (United Nations). Europe and the Americas are the most highly urbanized places, but countries in all parts of the world are urbanizing at increasing rates (United Nations). The rise of peopleRead MoreLack Of Treatment For Mental Illness1523 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Health Association defines ‘good’ health as: â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† However, in the United States, access to care and fundin g for mental health care are grossly neglected and underfunded in comparison to other aspects of health care. At the individual level, lack of proper treatment for poor mental health and mental illness has a detrimental effect. At a population level, society also suffers from theRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Academic Performance916 Words   |  4 Pagesall young persons will deal with mental illness (Shirk and Jungbluth 217). Only around a third of these children will receive professional treatment (United States Public Health Service qtd. in Shirk and Jungbluth 222). Because of the risk of suicide in mentally ill young people, it is crucial that mental health services are readily available to our youth in school settings. Therefore, schools should administer mandatory mental health screenings because mental illness often affects academic performanceRead MoreMental Illness1511 Words   |  7 Pageshave all had some subjection to mental illness, yet do we truly comprehend it or know what mental illness is? Are we able to grasp how it effects an individual, and how it arises to begin with? â€Å"A mental illness can be defined as a health condition that changes a persons thinking, feelings, or behavior (or all three) and that causes the person distress and difficulty in functioning† (Defining Mental Illness, 1970). Likewise, with numerous illnesses, mental illness is extreme at times and subdued

Incident Reporting for Commercial Vessels

Question: Discuss about the Incident Reporting for Commercial Vessels. Answer: Introduction The marine system is recognised as the heart of all transportation methods in Australia. It is one of the highest prioritised mode of material transportation for Australia, besides being a major communicative medium with the other parts of the world. Ocean Drover had been crowned as the pride of Australian marine vessel system until the 9th October 2014, when it had to witness a devastating fire. The fire not only damaged the vessel physically, however, it had ruined it economically as well. This report has tried to analyse the factors that contributed in the fire mishap and aimed at recommending them the appropriate maintenance procedure. Vessel Details Vessel Ocean Drover is an Australian livestock carrier that was built in 2002. It is presently sailing under the flag of the Marshall Islands. It has also been commissioned in 2002 and considered as the worlds largest purpose-built livestock carrier since then. Vessel Ocean Drover has been constructed with advanced ventilation and 168 metres of length. This vessel is 31.1 metres in breadth with the capability of transporting 75,000 sheep or 18,000 cattle at a time (marinetraffic.com, 2016). Vessel Ocean Drover had 9 decks with a tonnage of gross 29812 tonnes. It had celebrated the proud 100th voyage already in June 2010. With a livestock area of 24,000 square metres, Vessel Ocean Drover had visited the major markets of the world, such as Jordan, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates, New Zealand, Turkey, China, Kuwait and many others. Vessel Ocean Drover has been reported with a carriage capacity of 1500 tonnes food and 2,740,000 litres of fresh water (wellard.com.au, 2016). This royal vessel is capable of producing 600 tonnes fresh water per day through 4 reverse osmosis desalination plants. With an amount of 45 crew, Ocean Drover can accelerate its speed up to 20 knots. Accident As stated by Teo and Ling (2006, p.1586), with all sorts of modern facilities and technological advancements, Vessel Ocean Drover also could not avoid a major accident. The accident that ruined many things of this vessel has been caused by a largely spread fire. It was a sunny cold morning of 9th October 2014, when Ocean Drover witnessed a devastating fire across the crew accommodation. The fire extended widely and no sooner spread across both the accommodation decks. The entire crew of the vessel along with the shore emergency response teams had to be engaged in fighting the situation for rest of the day. The situation arrived under control after a long battle that took more than a half day (Lu and Tsai, 2010, p.2003). However, in the words of Aksorn and Hadikusumo (2008, p.718), the situation was not very optimistic at all even after extinguishing the fire. The fire took around the later part of the evening to be extinguished completely, when the navigation bridge of the vessel had been found damaged extensively. Most of the accommodation areas of the vessel had been observed damaged and burnt badly. Not the materialistic damages only, the fire incident at Ocean Drover caused severe injuries to four of the crew members of the ship as well. All of them were taken to the hospital henceforth. According to Amalberti (2001, p.119), this accident was a real curse for Ocean Drover, as it had damaged all their transportation plans and projects throughout the year. It had influenced negatively on the yearly revenue structure for the vessel. Ocean Drover took around months of time to recover all their damages. Cause of the accident Ocean Drover had to undergo an extensive load of post-fire repairs before being enabled again for successful sailing. However, ATSB (Australian Transport Safety Bureau) had to find the causes of the accident before let the management start the recovery method. As opined by Arocena et al. (2008, p.1372), ATSB operated an extensive enquiry for Ocean Drover to understand the issues of an accident more realistically. It was aimed at finding the loopholes and ensuring the future security for the vessel. As per their investigation report, the initial stage of the fire started at Ocean Drover on that particular day from the centrally located forward cabin. This part of the vessel used to be located on the upper deck. This was the positive sign of the investigation report by ATSB, which helped the management of the vessel to locate the actual place of danger along with identifying the possible reasons behind the accident. The report succeeded to find the place of ignition and suggested the m anagement to review the entire technical system of that part. The exact point of ignition, as investigated by ATSB, indicates at the failure of the boiler control. They had also mentioned the failure of the pneumatic and electronic controllers to be the reason behind the boiler control massacare. In the words of Basso et al. (2004, p.228), the fallacy in the boiler control indulged the fire to streche widely on the vessel. Several opinions are there, beside the investigation report of ATSB, most of which had targeted the fallacy of boiler control as the major reason behind the fire. The crews of the vessel also acknowledged it and agreed that there could be issues in the boiler controller. They could not even deny the responsibility of the pneumatic and electronic controllers in the ignition incident. The fire was discovered allowing fumes and smokes all across the vessel through the way of boiler controller. This incident had proved this part of the vessel as the major culprit behind the accident. This part of the report has been trusted more than any other theories available. However, there is an additional logic derived from the investigation report of ATSB. This part of the ATSB investigation report indicates at the failure of marine control system in the vessel. It had reported the fallacy of bridge deck stairwell of Ocean Clover during the time of accident. According to their report, this part of the deck helped the fire to spread across the vessel through the deck door. According to Bottani, Monica and Vignali (2009, p.157), the unlocked fire door causes the fire to engulf both the upper parts and the decks of the vessel. Brief Description of the Control System Which Failed As stated by Conchie and Donald (2006, p.1156), the failure of the boiler control system at Ocean Drover indulged the fire to spread more. There was massive dysfunctions at the boiler control system, which led a devastating fire. However, the post-investigation reports described the Pneumatic and Electronic Controllers of the vessel as more responsible for the ignition, as it contributed in the damage of boiler controlling system as well. It is acknowledged by most of the ATSB investigation reports as well. In most of the cases, the commercial vessels in Australia are found to be witnessing major accidents caused due to the failure in a control system. AMSA (Australian Marine Safety Authority) has ensured the safety of the vessels along with all the other commercial ships sailed in Australia largely. It insists all the commercial vessels and ships within the territory of Australia notify them for any sort of help within four hours of the accident. It also encourages the sailors to ke ep in contact with them and ask for help whenever any threat is noticed (Refer to appendix 1 for figure). The possible factors of the fire incident at Ocean Drover, as measured by the ATSB, left the management completely astonished. They never imagined that there could be a fault at their Pneumatic and Electronic Controllers or same as for the boiler controller. It was one of the most prioritised engineering designs of this particular vessel. However, in the words of Fernandez-Muniz et al. (2009, p.988), the most confident parts of a marine construction are often found with major loopholes at the end. Besides, they could not develop any prior communication with AMSA before the given time. The whole incident left the crew members of the vessel so surprised that they could not even take any position to make proper and needful decisions. The helps from the local marine authorities also came to them after a long while, when severe damages had already occurred. Cause of Failure of the Control System Several reasons have been reported for the investigation of ATSB behind the fire incident at Ocean Drover on 9th October 2014. The boiler controller issue in relation with the fallacy of Pneumatic and Electronic Controllers had been found at the top of the suspected list. The ignition has been caused due to the fuming boiler, as reported by ATSB. However, the reason of such occurrence was solely dependent on the control system. There were some dysfunctions at the Pneumatic and Electronic Controllers, which engineers had described as the reason behind the fallacy in the boiler system. As monitored by Elliott et al. (2008, p.139), the control systems of the boiler as well as the Pneumatic and Electronic Controllers had not been checked properly before sailing, which has contributed again to the fire incident. These are the major responsibilities of the vessel crews along with the engineers, which they are supposed to follow always to activate the control system properly. Hale et al. (2010, p.1029) stated that there are other factors too, which had increased the risk of fire at Ocean Drover. Most of the crew members responded lately to the fire alarms, which had caused unwanted waste of time to combat the fire collectively. A repeated single-person entries have been noticed in the caution area, which might have triggered the possibility of ignition in the vessel. A lack of training on extinguishing process and lethargy in communicating AMSA had also caused an unwanted delay for the accident to be overcome (Jiang et al. 2010, p.1471). Conclusion The role of a marine vessel is always recognised as high priority in the context of Australian transportation system. Thus, working with it is subjected to risk issues. Being a chief engineer of a vessel and that too of a prioritised one like Ocean Drover must be considered with proper care. The role of a chief engineer in a vessel is mostly comprised with both the safety and convenience of transportation issues. A chief engineer at Ocean Drover is always reliable to the safety measures of the crews and the logistics they carry to the other parts of the world. Several issues have been raised from the investigation report of ATSB, which might have contributed to the fire incident at Ocean Drover. It is a prior responsibility of a chief engineer to follow and analyse all the issues categorically in order to be able to recommend safety measurements for the vessel. A chief engineer is always recommended to take care of all the mechanisms and control systems of the vessel. It also ensures the safety of the vessels along with the human lives associated to it. Hence, they always need to test them properly before sailing and ensure the controller Algorithms along with the controller Tuning to be with their finest health. The alternative evacuation area must be examined properly and the evacuation map is suggested to be pasted on the walls of all major areas of the deck. Chief engineers are always recommended to be attentive about the transfer functions and enable the programmable logic controller with the fullest controlling ability. Above anything, ensuring safe sailing is the most prioritised responsibility of a chief engineer in a vessel. Reference List: Aksorn, T. and Hadikusumo, B. H. W. (2008). Critical success factors influencing safety program performance in Thai construction projects. Safety Science, 46(4), pp.709-727. Amalberti, R. (2001). The paradoxes of almost totally safe transportation systems. Safety science, 37(2), pp.109-126. Arocena, P., Nunez, I., and Villanueva, M. (2008). The impact of prevention measures and organisational factors on occupational injuries. Safety Science, 46(9), pp.1369-1384. Basso, B., Carpegna, C., Dibitonto, C., Gaido, G., Robotto, A., and Zonato, C. (2004). Reviewing the safety management system by incident investigation and performance indicators. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 17(3), pp.225-231. Bottani, E., Monica, L. and Vignali, G., (2009). Safety management systems: Performance differences between adopters and non-adopters. Safety Science, 47(2), pp.155-162. Conchie, S.M. and Donald, I.J., (2006). The role of distrust in offshore safety performance. Risk Analysis, 26(5), 1151-1159. Elliott, M. R., Kleindorfer, P. R., DuBois, J. J., Wang, Y., and Rosenthal, I. (2008). Linking OII and RMP data: does everyday safety prevent catastrophic loss?. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, 10(1-2), pp.130-146. Fernndez-Muniz, B., Montes-Pen, J. M., and Vzquez-Ords, C. J. (2009). Relation between occupational safety management and firm performance.Safety science, 47(7), pp.980-991. Hale, A. R., Guldenmund, F. W., Van Loenhout, P. L. C. H., and Oh, J. I. H. (2010). Evaluating safety management and culture interventions to improve safety: Effective intervention strategies. Safety Science, 48(8), pp.1026-1035. Jiang, L., Yu, G., Li, Y., and Li, F. (2010). Perceived colleagues safety knowledge/behavior and safety performance: Safety climate as a moderator in a multilevel study. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(5), pp.1468-1476. Lu, C. S., and Tsai, C. L. (2010). The effect of safety climate on seafarers safety behaviors in container shipping. Accident Analysis and Prevention,42(6), pp.1999-2006. Teo, E. A. L., and Ling, F. Y. Y. (2006). Developing a model to measure the effectiveness of safety management systems of construction sites. Building and Environment, 41(11), pp.1584-1592. MV Ocean Drover (2016, July 27). Retrieved from https://www.wellard.com.au/home/shipping/shipping-fleet/mv-ocean-drover.html Ocean Drover (2016, July 27). Retrieved from https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/538006122

Blood Sweat free essay sample

Blood, Sweat A ; Shearss: A Closer Look At Sweatshops Essay, Research Paper Blood, Sweat, and Shearss: A Closer Look at Sweatshops How can you state if the merchandise you are about to buy was made by a kid, by adolescent misss forced to work until midnight seven yearss a hebdomad, or in a sweatshop by workers paid 9? an hr? The sad fact is # 8230 ; You can non. The companies do non desire you to cognize, so they hide their production behind locked mill Gatess, barbed wire and armed guards. Many multinationals refuse to let go of to the American people even the list and references of the mills they use around the universe to do the goods we purchase. The corporations say we have no right to this information. Even the President of the United States could non happen out where these companies manufacture their goods. Yet, to shop with our scruples, it is our right to cognize in which states and mills, under what human rights conditions, and at what wages the merchandises we purchase are made. This paper will be a behind the scenes look at what truly happens behind the closed door of sweatshops. The footings # 8220 ; sweatshop # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; sudating # 8221 ; were foremost used in the nineteenth century to depict a subcontracting system where the jobbers earned their net income from the border between the sum they received from a contract and the sum they paid workers. This border was # 8220 ; sweated # 8221 ; from the workers because they received minimum rewards for inordinate hours worked under insanitary conditions ( Mason, 33 ) . This construct of sudating comes alive once more in today # 8217 ; s garment industry which is best described as a pyramid where big-name retail merchants and brand-name makers contract with run uping stores, who in bend hire garment workers to do the finished merchandise. Retailers and makers at the top of the pyramid order how much workers earn in rewards by commanding the contract monetary value given to the contractor. With these monetary values worsening each twelvemonth by every bit much as 25 % , contractors are forced to # 8220 ; perspiration # 8221 ; a net income from garment workers by working them long hours at low rewards ( Mason, 34 ) . The U.S. General Accounting Office has developed a working definition of a sweatshop as # 8220 ; an employer that violates more than one federal or province labour, industrial prep, occupational safety and wellness, workers # 8217 ; compensation, or industry registration. # 8221 ; More loosely, a sweatshop is a workplace where workers are capable to utmost development, including the absence of a life pay or benefits, hapless working conditions and arbitrary subject ( Department of Labor, 2 ) . Despite hard-won Torahs for lower limit pay, overtime wage, and occupational safety and wellness ( and even authorities and industry pledges to crackdown ) sweatshops are platitude in the U.S. garment industry and are distributing quickly throughout developing states. In the U.S. , garment workers typically toil 60 hours a hebdomad in forepart of their machines, frequently without minimal pay or overtime wage. In fact, the Department of Labor estimations that more than half of the state # 8217 ; s 22,000 run uping stores violate minimal pay and overtime Torahs. Many of these workers labour in unsafe conditions including out of use fire issues, insanitary bathrooms, and hapless airing. Government surveys uncover that 75 % of U.S. garment stores violate safety and wellness Torahs. In add-on, workers normally face verbal and physical maltreatment and are intimidated from talking out, fearing occupation loss or exile ( Department of Labor, 2 ) . The Department of Labor defines a work topographic point as a sweatshop if it violates two or more of the most basic labour Torahs including kid labour, lower limit pay, overtime and fire safety Torahs ( Department of Labor, 3 ) . For many, the word sweatshop conjures up images of dirty, cramped, bend of the century New York tenements where immigrant adult females worked as dressmakers. High-rise tenement sweatshops still do be, but, today, even big, brilliantly illuminated mills can be the sites of rampant labour maltreatments. Sweatshop workers report atrocious on the job conditions including sub-minimum rewards, no benefits, non-payment of rewards, forced overtime, sexual torment, verbal maltreatment, bodily penalty, and illegal fires. Children can frequently be found working in sweatshops alternatively of traveling to school. Sweatshop operators are ill-famed for avoiding giving pregnancy leave by firing pregnant adult females and coercing adult females workers to take birth cont rol or to abort their gestations ( Taylor, 52 ) . Sweatshop operators can outdo control a pool of workers that are nescient of their rights as workers. Therefore, foremans frequently refuse to engage nonionized workers and intimidate or fire any worker suspected of talking with brotherhood representatives or seeking to form her fellow workers. In the garment industry, the typical sweatshop worker is a adult female ( 90 % of all sweatshop workers are adult females ) . She is immature and, frequently, losing the opportunity for an instruction because she must work long hours to back up a household. In America, she is frequently a recent or undocumented immigrant. She is about ever non-union and normally incognizant that, even if she is in this state illicitly, she still has rights as a worker ( Taylor, 66 ) . In December of 1998, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights celebrated its fiftieth Anniversary. The authoritiess of the universe have pledged to honour the basic rights we are all born with. Unfortunately for excessively many people these promises have no significance. Hundreds of 1000000s of people are robbed of their basic human rights merely because of racial or economic position. Every individual has basic human rights such as adequate to eat, equality of chance, an instruction, freedom from force, and a support. Other human rights include clean H2O, a safe environment, wellness attention, a place, and say in our hereafters ( Mason, 88 ) . The ill-famed sweatshops of the age of Big Business ( the tardily 19th and early twentieth centuries ) virtually disappeared after World War II because of increased authorities ordinance of monopolies and the rise of trade brotherhoods. Sweatshops began to re-emerge once more, nevertheless, during the 1980 # 8217 ; s and 1990 # 8217 ; s because of economic globalisation. Today # 8217 ; s economic system is described as planetary because promotions in engineering have made it possible for big corporations that were one time confined to a specific geographic location to go big # 8220 ; multi-nationals # 8221 ; ( Mason, 77 ) . The popularity of the # 8220 ; free # 8221 ; market following the autumn of Communism and a rise in anti-union sentiment, coupled with authorities plans ( like NAFTA and GATT ) designed to promote free trade, have hastened the globalisation procedure. Large corporations are now free to seek out low-wage oasiss: destitute states where corporations benefit from oppressive dictatorial governments that actively suppress workers # 8217 ; freedoms of address and association. Even in North America, where the North American Free Trade Agreement is supposed to implement a minimal criterion for workers # 8217 ; rights, corporations concentrate in maquiladoras, # 8220 ; free trade zones # 8221 ; that were created by NAFTA, where the workers # 8217 ; rights commissariats of the Agreement merely do non use ( Co-op America ) . Corporations have been flying states with comparatively comfortable economic systems and stable, democracies in droves non merely to take advantage of inexpensive labour, but to get away authorities examination and unfavorable judgment from human rights and workers # 8217 ; rights organisations. Guess? Clothing Co. , for illustration, has ever produced the bulk of its goods in the U.S. but threatened to travel 75 % of this fabrication to Mexico last twelvemonth in response to Department of Labor commendations and extremely publicised human-centered runs about Guess? California contract sweatshops ( Department of Labor, 4 ) . There are likely sweatshops in every state in the universe # 8211 ; anyplace where there is a pool of desperate, exploitable workers. Logically, the poorer a state is the more exploitable its people are. Labor misdemeanors are, hence, particularly widespread in 3rd wor ld states. Nike has been criticized for unethical labour patterns in its Chinese, Vietnamese and Indonesian shoe mills, and Haitian garment mills. Non-profit groups have documented the labour misdemeanors of retail merchants like Philips-Van Heusen and the Gap in mills throughout Latin America. As mentioned above, nevertheless, developing states are non the lone 1s with sweatshops. Guess? Clothing Corporation, for illustration, has been cited legion times by the Department of Labor for the usage of contract sweatshops in California ( Department of Labor, 5 ) . Many of the companies straight running sweatshops are little and don # 8217 ; Ts have much name acknowledgment. However, virtually every retail merchant in the U.S. has ties to sweatshops. The U.S. is the biggest market for the garment industry and 5 corporations control about all the garment gross revenues in this state. These include Wal-Mart, JC Penney, Sears, The May Company ( owns and operates Lord A ; Taylor, Hecht # 8217 ; s, Filene # 8217 ; s and others ) and Federated Department Stores ( owns and operates Bloomingdale # 8217 ; s, Macy # 8217 ; s, Burdine # 8217 ; s, Stern # 8217 ; s and others ) . The Department of Labor has cited several industry leaders for labour maltreatments. Of these Guess? Clothing Co. is one of the worst wrongdoers # 8211 ; Guess was suspended indefinitely from the Department of Labor # 8217 ; s list of # 8220 ; good cats # 8221 ; because their contractors were cited for so many sweatshop misdemeanors ( Department of Labor, 4 ) . Other companies contract out their production to abroad makers whose labour rights misdemeanors have been exposed by U.S. and international human rights groups. These include Nike, Disney, Wal-Mart, Reebok, Liz Claiborne and Ralph Lauren. Harmonizing to the Department of Labor, over 50 % of U.S. garment mills are sweatshops. Many sweatshops are run in this state # 8217 ; s dress centres: California, New York, Dallas, Miami and Atlanta. Overseas, garment workers routinely make less than a life pay, working under highly oppressive conditions. Workers in Vietnam mean $ 0.12 per hr, and workers in Honduras mean $ 0.60 per hr. Sweatshops can be viewed as a merchandise of the planetary economic system. Fueled by an abundant supply of labour in the planetary market, capital mobility, and free trade, garment industry giants move from state to state seeking the lowest labour costs and the highest net income, working workers the universe over ( Department of Labor, 7 ) . It is frequently cost effectual to make concern in other states where there are non as many limitations and ordinances to protect the environment. For illustration, the disposal of contaminated waste and pollution of incinerators ; the workers, their safety, wellness and good being ; and the sense of duty to the host states and their people. Corporate duty is a subject environing the issue of sweatshops. With regard to corporate resettlement, the industries are lending to the prospective states economic systems ; nevertheless, they are taking advantage of the deficiency of ordinance and without turn toing the long-run effects of the future economic and environmental concerns to the hurt of these states. It is true at the same clip that economic development of these states will lend to the universe economic system and uplifting economic systems and populations will ensue in more stable planetary markets. Large corporations about ever use contract-manufacturing houses to bring forth their goods. In this manner, corporations separate themselves from the production of their ain goods and attempt to claim that the working conditions under which their goods are produced are non their duty. In fact, it is the corporations that dictate the conditions of their workers. Corporations squeeze their contractors into paying sub-minimum rewards. Large retail merchants and retail ironss force per unit area contract makers by declining to pay more that a reduced monetary value for fabricating orders. They besides demand that their fabrication contractors guarantee them a net income by purchasing back unsold ware at the terminal of each season. Manufacturers deal with this fiscal squeezing non by cutting their ain net incomes, but by cutting workers # 8217 ; rewards and benefits, and by compromising workers # 8217 ; physical safety. Many corporations besides refuse to contract to brotherhood stores. So, even if a contractor does desire to pay their workers a sensible pay and let them their freedom of association, he/she will likely be run out of concern. In the terminal, it is the workers who pay for corporate greed. Unfortunately the Department of Labor does non hold adequate forces to inspect every workplace for labour misdemeanors. The Department of Labor merely requires companies to hold an internal monitoring policy, as opposed to an external monitoring policy where site reviews and ratings would be unheralded and conducted by impartial parties. With internal monitoring there is no manner to cognize whether companies are stating the truth about the conditions in their ain mills. Many companies, like Nike, pay private accounting houses to come into their mills and measure the on the job conditions as # 8220 ; independent # 8221 ; proctors. Even when companies are caught go againsting workers # 8217 ; rights, the penalty is frequently nominal. Fines that may look hefty to us are undistinguished to companies harvesting multi-million dollar net incomes ( Co-op America, 6 ) . The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 officially prohibits sweatshops. However, because of understaffing at the Department of Labor and corporations # 8217 ; schemes for distancing themselves from the production of their goods by undertaking production out to many different makers, enforcement is slack. Earlier this twelvemonth Stop Sweatshops Bills were introduced in Congress that would amend the Fair Labor Standards Act to keep companies responsible for the labour misdemeanors of their contractors ( Department of Labor, 6 ) . Corporations set up sweatshops in the name of # 8220 ; competition # 8221 ; . In world these corporations are non facing net income loses or bankruptcy, merely excessively small net income! During this century, workers existent rewards have gone down while CEO # 8217 ; s wages have skyrocketed. In 1965 the norm CEO made 44 times the mean mill worker. Today, the mean CEO makes 212 times the wage of the mean worker. Corporations have skewed precedences. Many are seting disbursals like CEO wages and advertisement costs before the well being of their workers. For illustration, Haitian workers run uping kids # 8217 ; s pajamas for Disney would hold to labor full-time for 14.5 old ages to gain what Michael Eisner makes in one hr! Here # 8217 ; s another astonishing statistic: Nike could pay all its single workers plenty to feed and dress themselves and their households if it would merely give 1 % of its advertisement budget to workers # 8217 ; wages each twelvemonth! Corporations falsely claim that they are victims of the planetary economic system when, in fact, corporations help make and keep this system ( Femininists Against Sweatshops, 5 ) . It would be really easy to assail the job by working the issue and conveying it to the attending of the populace in a derogative mode. By raising the issue and educating people about the world of sweatshops, as the issue enters their consciousness and they realize how it effects their every twenty-four hours lives, a motion can get down to be made. Co-op America. The March to End Sweatshops. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sweatshops.org, 2000. Department of Labor. No Sweat # 8211 ; Help End Sweatshop Conditions for American Workers. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dol.gov/dol/esa/public/nosweat/nosweat.htm, 2001. Feminists Against Sweatshops. Frequently Asked Questions About Sweatshops and Women Workers. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.feminist.org/other/sweatfaq.html, 2000. Mason, Ryan H. Sweatshops in the Twentieth Century. Dame Publications, San Francisco, 1992. Taylor, Johnathan P. A Global Look at Sweatshops. Burns and Rogers, New York, 1997.

Pepsi Coke Challenge Lab Report Essay Example

Pepsi Coke Challenge Lab Report Paper The second one was hat there is no difference between brushing your teeth and not brushing your teeth, within the last thirty minutes, in their ability to distinguish between Pepsi and Coke. After doing the test and performing the necessary calculations on the chi-squared test, I found out that a greater amount of people who brushed were able to correctly identify the cola products. INTRODUCTION: If you were given a blind taste test and asked to distinguish between two products, how confident do you think you are in telling the products apart? In my Biology 141 class, we did the Pepsi/Coke Challenge and that challenge was simply about vying individuals a blind taste test, and asking them to distinguish between Pepsi and Coke. There are many reasons why reasons people perform blind test. These test can be sent, smell, feel or taste. In marketing, a blind taste test is used as a tool for companies to see how they can improve their product. It is also used as a tool for companies to develop their brand. For example, many restaurants select random people to taste their food, so that they would know which dish needs more improvement. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Coke Challenge Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Coke Challenge Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Coke Challenge Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The results of these tests are not always the same. This is because there are some people who may use those products very frequently, so they are more likely to tell the difference between the two products. On the other hand there are those people rarely use the product, so they will have a harder time distinguishing between the product and they are more likely to get it wrong. Then there are those people who are stuck between the two extremes who uses the product often enough, but they are unsure. However, I know that brushing your teeth and drinking or eating right after causes whatever you are eating or drinking to taste funny. Knowing this, the question I ask is, Is there a difference between brushing your teeth and not brushing your teeth, within the last thirty minutes, affect their ability to distinguish between the Cola products Pepsi and Coke? HI : There is a difference between brushing your teeth and not brushing your teeth, within the last thirty minutes, in their ability to distinguish between Pepsi and Coke. H2O: There is no difference between brushing your teeth and not brushing your teeth, within the last thirty minutes, in their ability to distinguish between Pepsi and Coke. If there is a difference between brushing your teeth and not brushing your and Coke, then there will be a difference in the percent that each group correctly identifies the colas in a blind test. METHODS: In order to get accurate results in our Pepsi/Coke Challenge blind test, the Biology 141 class disguised each can by wrapping aluminum foil over the entire can. We then decided to only ask fifteen students who attend the University of the Virgin Island on SST. Thomas campus to participate in our challenge. Before leaving the lab, the class was split into two groups, Comparison or Single Cola (which was Pepsi). The Comparison group gathered thirty cups, so that the participants wouldnt reuse the same cup and alter the taste by mixing the two products, fifteen questionnaire forms, an ice bag, ice three Coke cans and three Pepsi cans. The Single Cola group gathered fifteen cups, fifteen questionnaire forms, an ice bag, ice, and three Pepsi cans. We placed the cans that werent being used as yet into the ice bag until the one can being used was empty. Before giving the students the products to taste, we had them fill out the questionnaire that had questions such as, Did you take this test today? Have you eaten anything recently? Have you brushed your teeth within the last thirsty minutes? Which cola product do you like best out of Pepsi and Coke? How confident are you in distinguishing between the two cola products? If any student reported that they had taken the report earlier that day, we eliminated them and selected someone else who hadnt to fill their position. After asking the fifteen students, we then went back to the lab to record our finding on a spreadsheet. RESULTS: For our Pepsi/Coke Challenge, there were two hundred and thirty six people who did the test. Of he two hundred and thirty six people, fifty six people who brushed and seventy people who didnt brush identified the Cola products correctly. Everyone in the people who brushed section correctly identified the product, but one hundred and ten people in the didnt brush section got the test wrong. This represents 100% of the people who did brush and 38% of the people who didnt brush. After performing a Chi Square test, we saw that there was a greater percentage of people who couldve identified the product were the ones who brushed (SD 64. 1, chi-square = 3. 841, 1 degree of freedom). Figurer: A greater percent of people who brushed correctly identified the products. DISCUSSION: A greater amount of people who brushed were able to correctly identify the cola products. From the values given from the chi- squared test, this implicates that there is a difference between brushing your teeth and not brushing your teeth, within the last thirty minutes, in their ability to distinguish between Pepsi and Coke. Knowing this, I know that my second hypothesis, There is no difference , is incorrect and can be eliminated. The differences found in this test may be that the people who brushed may eave a cleaner mouth so they were more capable to tell which product was Pepsi and which one was coke. Most participants were able to tell the difference between Coke and Pepsi because they probably drink these cola products frequently. There were other people who knew the difference because they only drank Coke since they did not like the taste of Pepsi and vice-versa. Other people were able to tell the difference just by smelling it because they said that Pepsi had a sweeter scent. Since we only tested VI students, the results may vary if we were to do this challenge on another set of individuals.

Writing an Argumentative Essay Topic For High School Students

Writing an Argumentative Essay Topic For High School StudentsWhen it comes to writing essays at high school, there are many argumentative essay topics. In fact, there are so many arguments, you might have difficulty coming up with more than one. But a good number of them will require a lot of research, so do keep these in mind when you write.One of the first argumentative essay topics you should consider is yourself and your life. You may have some experience or education that you are not sharing here, but you can give a side-by-side example of a positive or negative incident that you're not proud of. As the life of the homecoming queen, you certainly had a couple of problems, but these are too few to describe in an essay. What did you learn from these experiences?Another argumentative essay topic might be your future plans in school. There are probably a million and one ways that high school can alter your chances of getting into college or attending graduate school. There are sever al types of scholarships for women and girls, but you'll want to make sure that you are researching all the options you can get before making a decision.Or maybe you think you might attend local colleges and you're wondering if there are any scholarships for single moms, minorities, or things of that nature. The truth is that most women who attend college must either work or attend to family matters, so a large percentage of women's scholarships don't benefit single moms. You can tell stories about achievements you've made in your life, which probably includes teaching, volunteering, or taking care of your children. A strong argument will be needed to support any statement that you make in the essay.This last example may make you think of a high school student who attended a successful and prestigious high school and went on to become a homecoming queen or something of that nature. That would probably be the most persuasive argument you could make to get a scholarship for women of t his caliber. You can tell stories about these remarkable women who overcame hard times and will surely use their stories to support your scholarship application.The thing to remember is that you're not going to get a scholarship to college by using these tips alone. You'll need to be prepared with all the information you need to make an argument, so don't feel like you're doing this alone.If you are a woman interested in applying for scholarships for women of high school, think carefully about what you might say to show how much you'll benefit by going to college. But do make sure you keep all of the facts and figures straight and have an engaging essay.

How to Use the Italian Verbs Sapere and Conoscere

How to Use the Italian Verbs Sapere and Conoscere â€Å"I know how to play the piano† and â€Å"I know him.† While the main verb â€Å"to know† in those two phrases doesn’t differ in English, it does in Italian. In fact, the two verbs you would use would be either â€Å"sapere† or â€Å"conoscere.† Both mean to know, but have different implications. Sapere means to know† in the sense of to be able to, or to know how to. It can also be understood as knowing about a situation or a fact, like â€Å"Non sapevo che tu fossi qui. - I didn’t know that you were here.† Conoscere, on the other hand, means â€Å"to know† in the sense of â€Å"to know someone† or â€Å"to know an area, town, restaurant, etc. Examples With Sapere  in the Present Tense Non so sciare. - I don’t know how to ski.So cantare. - I know how to sing. / I am able to sing.Non lo so. - I don’t know.Non so la risposta giusta. - I don’t know the right answer.Lei sa quando il treno arriva? - Do you know when the train arrives? (formal)So la lezione. - I know the lesson. TIP: The last example could also be used with the verb conoscere: â€Å"Conosco la lezione. -  I prepared for today’s lesson.† Using Sapere in Other Tenses (Il condizionale) Credo di sà ¬, ma...non saprei. - I believe so, but...I wouldn’t know.(L’imperfetto) Sapevi che Marco frequenta qualcuno? - Did you know that Marco is dating someone?(L’imperfetto) Non sapevo che tu volessi imparare l’italiano! - I didn’t know that you wanted to learn Italian! TIP: If you want to say something like â€Å"I’m able to speak Italian,† you would use the verb â€Å"riuscire† instead. For example, â€Å"Riesco a parlare bene Italiano. - I’m able to speak Italian well.† Examples of the Verb Conoscere in the Present Tense Non conosciamo Bologna molto bene. - We dont know Bologna very well. / We aren’t very familiar with Bologna.Il ristorante si chiama L’archetto? Mhh, non lo conosco. - The restaurant is called L’archetto? Hmm, I don’t know it.Quel film con Hugh Grant? Quello in cui conosce un’attrice e si innamorano? - Do you know that Hugh Grant movie? The one where he meets that actress and they fall in love? Conoscere in Other Tenses (Il passato prossimo) Ho conosciuto Francesca a casa di Giuseppe. - I met Francesca at Giuseppes house.(Il passato prossimo) Li Abbiamo conosciuti tre anni fa. - We met them three years ago.(Limperfetto) Da bambino conoscevo bene New York, ma tutto era cambiato da quel periodo. - When I was a kid, I knew New York well, but everything has changed since that time. TIP: Unlike the verb â€Å"conoscere,† which means the same thing when conjugated in the present, past, or imperfect tenses, the meaning of â€Å"sapere† changes when in the passato prossimo form. For example, when you say â€Å"Ieri sera ho saputo che lei viene qua. - Last night I found out that she’s coming here.† So, you could define â€Å"sapere† in the past tense as â€Å"to find out.†

The World of Abstract Art Painting Research Proposal

The World of Abstract Art Painting - Research Proposal Example The paper "The World of Abstract Art Painting" aims to describe the abstract art by looking at the intended as well as created meaning from the artist’s and viewer’s perspective respectively. The artist in focus when it comes to contemporary abstract painting is John Walker, an English printmaker, and painter, and the work is entitled ‘Oceania – My Dilemma’ painted in the year 1983. The work is presented on triptych: oil on canvas and its dimensions on the overall are 217cm by 513cm by 4.3cm. His current collections include Maine landscapes and Seal Point Series. ‘Oceania – My Dilemma’ is a series presented in triptych formation, which uses motifs from his earlier works. The monolith motif is taken as a representation of the Duchess of Alba from the portrait of Goya of 1797. The quotation on the left panel of St. John is a representation of spiritual transcendence. The complexity of imagery in the painting reflects the painter’s Australian experience, which acknowledges European legacy contact with indigenous landscape and people. Incorporation of Aboriginal and Oceanic art elements like spirit figures, masks, barks, skulls, biblical references, and the Alba figure show a collision between traditional beliefs and the introduced Christianity. Therefore, the abstract form of art has grown over the years to take a dominant position in the world of painting. It has helped artists to break from the traditional forms and be free to include word and image in their paintings.